POSTERIOR ANALYTICS

by
Aristotle
c. 350 BC

translated by G. R. G. Mure


Table of Contents

Book I

Chapter:
  1. The need for pre-existent knowledge
  2. The nature of scientific knowledge
  3. Two wrong views of scientific knowledge
  4. Types of attributes
  5. Causes through which we wrongly suppose a conclusion commensurate and universal
  6. The nature of demonstrative premises (necessary and essential)
  7. The three elements of a demonstration
  8. The demonstration of eternal connections
  9. Demonstrative premises must be related to the science in question
  10. Different kinds of basic truth
  11. Axioms and demonstration
  12. The interrogative form of a scientific premise
  13. Knowledge of fact vs. inferred knowledge
  14. First figure syllogism is scientific
  15. Immediate negative propositions
  16. Failed inferences from immediate premises
  17. Failed inferences from mediate premises
  18. Ignorance and the negation of knowledge
  19. Demonstrations and infinite regression
  20. Chapter 19 continued
  21. Negative demonstration and infinite regression
  22. Dialectical and Analytic proofs
  23. Corollaries
  24. Universal demonstrations superior to particular demonstrations
  25. Affirmative demonstrations superior to negative demonstrations
  26. Affirmative and negative demonstrations superior to reductio ad impossible
  27. Abstract science is prior to less abstract science
  28. The unity of a science
  29. Multiple demonstrations of a single connection
  30. Accidental conjunctions cannot be demonstrated
  31. Demonstration cannot be based on sense-perception
  32. Each science has its own basic truth
  33. How opinion is related to knowledge
  34. Immediately arriving at the middle term of a syllogism

Book II

Chapter
  1. Four possible forms of inquiry
  2. Centrality of the middle term to all inquiry
  3. The difference between demonstration and definition
  4. An essential nature cannot be demonstrated
  5. Essential nature cannot be inferred by division
  6. Proving essential nature and begging the question
  7. Definitions cannot be demonstrative
  8. Demonstration and the essential nature of attributes
  9. Intuitive grasp of the self-caused
  10. Different types of definitions
  11. Cause as middle term of a syllogism
  12. Time and causal inference
  13. How to define substance
  14. Connection and demonstration
  15. The middle term and connections
  16. The relation of cause to effect
  17. Effects brought about by divergent causes
  18. The true cause of a connection
  19. How we know basic truth


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